Etymology and Semantic Analysis
The name ‘Daniel’ is derived from the Hebrew דָּנִיֵּאל (Daniyyel), which means “God is my judge”. This name appears prominently in the Book of Daniel in the Hebrew Bible and is carried over into the Greek Septuagint as Δανιήλ. In Hebrew, the name comprises two elements: “Dan”, meaning to judge or decide, and “El”, a common name for God in the Hebrew Bible, signifying the divine. The etymological significance underlines Daniel’s role as one who holds steadfast in his faith in God, even when facing trials.
The narrative of Daniel is primarily found in the Book of Daniel. Significant verses include Daniel 1:6, where Daniel is first introduced, Daniel 2:26, in the context of interpreting Nebuchadnezzar’s dream, and Daniel 6:16-23, where Daniel survives the lion’s den due to his unwavering faith. The name occurs in various forms throughout the Old Testament, and its usage underlines the character’s exemplary faith and wisdom, especially in interpreting dreams and visions.
Commentary and Exegesis
Daniel’s story is emblematic of faith and divine wisdom in the face of adversity. His experiences, such as interpreting dreams and surviving in the lion’s den, are often seen as prefigurations of Christ’s own life and trials. In exegetical studies, Daniel’s unwavering faith serves as a model for believers, demonstrating reliance on God’s judgment and providence. His prophetic visions, especially those about the end times, have been a significant focus in biblical scholarship and eschatology.
Various Translations
In the King James Version, ‘Daniel’ remains consistent with the original Hebrew and Greek renditions. Other translations like the New International Version (NIV) and English Standard Version (ESV) also retain the name ‘Daniel’. The consistency across translations underscores the importance of maintaining the original character’s identity and his symbolic significance in the Judeo-Christian tradition.
Grammatical Study
In Hebrew, דָּנִיֵּאל (Daniyyel) is a proper noun, specifically a masculine given name. The Greek transliteration, Δανιήλ, adheres closely to the Hebrew pronunciation and structure, maintaining its status as a proper noun. The English translation ‘Daniel’ preserves the phonetic elements of the original Hebrew and Greek, ensuring the name’s recognition and its associated connotations of faith and divine wisdom across different languages and cultures.
In Biblical Hebrew, the syntax surrounding the name ‘Daniel’ often positions it as the subject of verbs that demonstrate action or divine favor, as in Daniel 1:17. In the Septuagint, the Greek syntax follows this pattern, emphasizing Daniel’s active role in the narrative. This syntactical usage highlights Daniel’s importance as a central figure and his dynamic engagement with God’s revelations.
Historical Context
Daniel is set in the 6th century BCE, during the Babylonian exile of the Jewish people. This period was marked by significant upheaval and the challenge of maintaining faith in a foreign land. Daniel’s experiences reflect the broader struggles of the Jewish community during this time, underlining themes of resilience, faith, and divine justice in oppressive circumstances.
Biblical Narrative and Typological Analysis
In the narrative, Daniel serves as a type of Christ, a figure of righteousness and divine wisdom. His experiences, such as the interpretation of dreams and deliverance from danger, parallel the life and ministry of Jesus. Typologically, Daniel’s faith amidst trials and his role as a prophet prefigure Christ’s own journey and prophetic mission.
Theological and Symbolic Interpretations
Theologically, Daniel symbolizes unwavering faith and the triumph of divine wisdom over worldly power. His visions, particularly in Daniel 7-12, are rich in eschatological symbolism, often interpreted as foretelling the coming of the Messiah and the final judgment. These interpretations have been central to Christian eschatology and Jewish Messianic expectations.
Practical Implications
The story of Daniel offers practical lessons in faithfulness, integrity, and the pursuit of wisdom. It encourages believers to remain steadfast in their faith, even in the face of adversity, and to seek divine guidance in understanding and navigating the challenges of life.
References
Harris, R. L., Archer, G. L., & Waltke, B. K. (1980). Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament. Moody Press.
Keil, C. F., & Delitzsch, F. (2006). Commentary on the Old Testament. Hendrickson Publishers.
Sarna, N. M. (1986). The JPS Torah Commentary: Genesis. Jewish Publication Society.
Strong, J. (2001). Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible. Thomas Nelson.