Etymology and Semantic Analysis
The English word “depart” is derived from the Old French ‘departir’, meaning to divide or separate. In the Bible, its Greek counterpart is ἀπέρχομαι (apérchomai), a verb signifying to go away, leave, or depart. This word appears in several New Testament passages, reflecting various contexts. For instance, in Matthew 8:34, it denotes the departure of people from Jesus’ presence: “And behold, the whole city came out to meet Jesus; and when they saw him, they besought him that he would depart out of their coasts.” Similarly, in Luke 22:41, it describes Jesus himself moving away for prayer: “And he was withdrawn from them about a stone’s cast, and kneeled down, and prayed.” The semantic range of ἀπέρχομαι includes physical departure, as well as a metaphorical sense of leaving one state or condition for another. Its usage often conveys a transition, either spatial or metaphorical, emphasizing the act of moving away or distancing oneself.
Commentary and Exegesis
In exegetical terms, “depart” (ἀπέρχομαι) often signifies a physical or emotional distancing, carrying a connotation of separation or leaving behind. Its usage in the Gospels, especially, highlights moments of transition or change. The act of departing, as seen in these contexts, is not merely physical but also symbolizes a deeper, spiritual movement – whether it’s the people moving away from Jesus in fear or misunderstanding, or Jesus himself withdrawing for solitude and prayer.
Various Translations
Comparing different Bible translations, the King James Version consistently uses “depart” to translate ἀπέρχομαι. However, other translations might choose words like “leave,” “go away,” or “withdraw” to convey the sense of the original Greek. For example, the New International Version (NIV) often opts for “leave” or “go away,” which, while similar, can subtly shift the connotation or emphasis in a passage.
Grammatical Study
In Greek, ἀπέρχομαι is a compound verb formed from “ἀπό” (apo, away from) and “ἔρχομαι” (erchomai, to come or go). This compound structure emphasizes the action of moving away or departing. The English “depart” aligns well with this sense, capturing both the physical and metaphorical nuances of ἀπέρχομαι. Its use in various scriptural contexts aligns with the Greek verb’s tense, voice, and mood, effectively conveying the concept of departure or separation in the translated text.
Syntax
In Greek syntax, ἀπέρχομαι is often used transitively, requiring an object to complete its meaning. It can be found in various grammatical constructions, reflecting its versatile usage in the New Testament. The verb’s placement within sentences typically emphasizes the action of departure, highlighting its significance within the narrative.
Historical Context
Understanding “depart” in its historical context illuminates its use in the New Testament. In a time where physical movement was significant and often laborious, to depart meant more than just leaving a location; it implied a significant change in circumstance or relationship. For example, in Acts 15:38, Paul and Barnabas part ways over a disagreement, illustrating how “depart” can also signify relational and mission-oriented shifts.
Biblical Narrative and Typological Analysis
In biblical narrative, “depart” serves as a key verb in stories of transition and transformation. For instance, in the Gospels, Jesus’ departures often prelude significant events or teachings. Typologically, these departures can represent a withdrawal from worldly concerns to focus on spiritual matters, as seen in Christ’s retreats for prayer.
Theological and Symbolic Interpretations
Theologically, “depart” is laden with symbolism. It can represent a turning away from sin, as in repentance, or a movement towards a closer relationship with God. In eschatological contexts, such as in Matthew 25:41, it symbolizes the final separation between the righteous and the wicked.
Practical Implications
Practically, “depart” teaches the importance of knowing when to leave a situation, whether it be physical, emotional, or spiritual. It encourages discernment and recognition of when a change in direction is necessary for personal growth or spiritual development.
References
Brown, F., Driver, S. R., & Briggs, C. A. (2000). Enhanced Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Danker, F. W., Bauer, W., Arndt, W. F., & Gingrich, F. W. (2000). Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Mounce, W. D. (2006). Mounce’s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words. Zondervan.
Strong, J. (2001). Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible. Nashville: Thomas Nelson.