Callixtus II, Pope: Unveiling the Diplomatic Mastery
Born in 1060 as Guido of Burgundy, Pope Callixtus II entered history’s annals as a pivotal medieval church figure. His papacy, commencing in 1119 and ending with 1124 death, denoted considerable transformation, largely through resolving the entrenched Investiture Controversy. This critical conflict over church appointments challenged Holy See authority and European Christendom’s fabric. Callixtus II’s […]