Alexios III Angelos Komnenos, Emperor: A Byzantine Enigma

Byzantine-Emperor-Alexios-III-pondering-manuscript

At the heart of the Byzantine Empire’s intricate tapestry of power and piety stood Alexios III Angelos (1153–1211), a figure whose life intertwines with the ecclesiastical and secular realms in ways that continue to fascinate and perplex historians and enthusiasts alike. His tenure as emperor, marked by a unique engagement with the church’s affairs, represents […]

Unam Sanctam: Clash of Papacy and Monarchy Unveiled

Boniface-VIII-holds-Unam-Sanctam-decree,-in-papal-robes

The papal bull, given the name “Unam Sanctam” and dated November 18, 1302, was authored by Pope Boniface VIII. It constitutes one of history’s most impactful papal documents, denoting a critical juncture in the balance of power between ecclesiastical and secular leaders. Through this edict, pontificating the supreme station of the Pope above both spiritual […]

Ordination Across Christian Denominations

Ordination-Painting - Poussin's detailed 1647 artwork.

Ordination in Christianity, known in Greek as “χειροτονία” (cheirotonia), derived from “χείρ” (hand) and “τένω” (to stretch), etymologically signifies the laying on of hands. This practice, deeply rooted in both scripture and tradition, varies in interpretation and application among different Christian denominations. The concept of ordination represents a pivotal rite in many Christian traditions, encompassing […]